Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is a surgical procedure used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD), a condition where the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle (coronary arteries) become narrowed or blocked due to a buildup of plaque. This narrowing or blockage can restrict blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to chest pain (angina) or potentially causing a heart attack.

Here’s everything you need to know about CABG:

Types of CABG:

1. Traditional CABG: Involves the use of a heart-lung bypass machine to divert blood away from the heart during surgery.
2. Off-pump CABG: In this technique, the surgery is performed while the heart is still beating, eliminating the need for a heart-lung bypass machine.
3. Minimally Invasive CABG: Involves making smaller incisions and using specialized instruments. It’s associated with shorter recovery times and less post-operative pain compared to traditional CABG.

Recovery:

1. Hospital Stay: Patients typically spend several days in the hospital following CABG surgery.
2. Rehabilitation: Cardiac rehabilitation programs help patients gradually regain strength, endurance, and confidence in their ability to perform daily activities.
3. Medications: Patients may be prescribed medications to manage pain, prevent blood clots, lower blood pressure, and reduce the risk of further heart problems.
4. Lifestyle Changes: Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, smoking cessation, and stress management, is essential for long-term recovery and overall heart health.

Indications for CABG:

• Severe coronary artery disease with significant blockages.
• Unstable angina not controlled by medication.
• Previous heart attack.
• Blockages in multiple coronary arteries.
• Failure of other treatments such as medication or angioplasty.

CABG remains one of the most effective treatments for severe coronary artery disease, particularly in patients with complex blockages or multiple vessel disease. However, like any surgical procedure, it carries risks and requires careful consideration by both patients and their healthcare providers.